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Kernel-Log – Was 3.1 bringt (3): Architektur, Infrastruktur, Virtualisierung

| Thorsten Leemhuis

Linux 3.1 enthält alles Nötige zum Weiterreichen von PCI-Geräten an Xen-Gäste; KVM bietet rudimentäre Unterstützung für Nested Virtualization bei Intel-CPUs. Unter den unterstützten CPU-Plattformen ist nun auch die Open-Source-Prozessor-Architektur OpenRISC.

In der Nacht von Montag auf Dienstag hat Linus Torvalds die sechste Vorabversion von Linux 3.1 bei Github gekennzeichnet; aufgrund von Mail-Problemen erreichte die Ankündigung [1] des RC6 die LKML erst am Mittwoch. Torvalds erwähnt dort, es habe nur etwas mehr als hundert Änderungen gegeben und die Entwicklung sei ziemlich ruhig gewesen. Diese Ruhe dürfte ein Nebeneffekt der Wartungsarbeiten sein, der der Einbruch bei Kernel.org erzwungen hat: Wegen ihnen sie müssen die Kernel-Entwickler ihre Arbeitsweisen anpassen [2].

Das Kernel-Log [3] nimmt das Fortschreiten der Linux-3.1-Entwicklung zum Anlass, die Mini-Serie "Was 3.1 bringt" mit der Beschreibung der Neuerungen rund um Architektur, Infrastruktur und Virtualisierung fortzusetzen. Den Anfang dieser Artikel-Reihe hat eine Übersicht der Änderungen im Netzwerkbereich [4] gemacht, bevor es mit Neuerungen bei Storage und Dateisystemen [5] weiter ging. Den Abschluss der Reihe wird in Kürze ein Artikel zu Treibern bilden.

Nachdem Linux 3.0 die letzten essenziellen Komponenten zur Zusammenarbeit mit dem Xen-Hypervisor als Dom0-System erhielt [6], folgt mit Version 3.1 eine Reihe optionaler Funktionen. So kann der Kernel nun die Kontrolle des VGA-Textmodus vom Xen-Hypervisor erhalten [7], damit der Dom0-Kernel auch Bildschirmausgaben tätigen kann. Dank Aufnahme des Xen-PCI-Backend kann der Kernel PCI/PCIe-Geräte an Xen-Gäste durchreichen [8] (u. a. 1 [9], 2 [10]); neu ist auch SR-IOV-Unterstützung [11] für paravirtualisierte Gäste. Durch den neuen Hotplug-Support [12] im Xen-Balloon-Treiber lässt sich die einem Xen-Gast zugeteilte Speichermenge nun einfacher zur Laufzeit anpassen; durch ausgebaute Xen-Unterstützung für Transcendent Memory beherrscht der Kernel jetzt "self-ballooning" und "frontswap-selfshrinking" (u. a. 1 [13], 2 [14]).

Mehr Infos

Einbruchsfolgen

Nach dem Einbruch bei Kernel.org [15] führen die Administratoren derzeit Wartungsarbeiten durch, daher sind das normalerweise dort liegende Git-Depot mit den Kernel-Quellen und dessen Webfrontend derzeit nicht erreichbar. Viele der Links im nebenstehende Artikel verweisen daher ausnahmsweise auf das Webfrontend der Kernel-Quellen bei Github, wo Linus Torvalds Linux vorübergehend [16] weiterentwickelt, bis Kernel.org wieder in Betrieb ist.

KVM bietet jetzt grundlegende Funktionen, um auf Intel-Prozessoren Gastsysteme aus einem anderen Gastsystem heraus zu starten (Nested Virtualization) (u. a. 1 [17], 2 [18]). Zudem können KVM-Gäste die CPU-Funktion SMEP (Supervisory Mode Execute Protection) nutzen, eine der Neuerungen [19] in Intels nächster Prozessorgeneration Ivy Bridge. Der experimentelle und standardmäßig ausgeschaltete Zero-Copy-RX-Support [20] für Macvtap und Vhost-net sollte die Netzwerkperformance beim Virtualisieren verbessern, da sie den Verwaltungs-Overhead beim Austausch oder Weiterleiten von Daten via Netzwerk reduziert. Ferner gab es einige als "Steal Time Support" entwickelte Umbauten am Zeitgeber-Code von KVM (u. a. 1 [21], 2 [22]); neu ist auch die Unterstützung [23], um KVM auf 64-bit-Book-3S-CPUs wie dem POWER7 im Hypervisor Mode einzusetzen.

Zur Aufnahme in das Tools-Verzeichnis war das im Frühjahr vorgestellte [24] "Native KVM Tool" vorgeschlagen, das ähnlich wie Qemu-KVM die Emulation einiger Hardware-Komponenten für Gastsysteme übernimmt. Nachdem einige Kernel-Entwickler die Aufnahme in Frage gestellt haben, ließ Torvalds es in diesem Merge Window außen vor [25]. Einer der Kritiker hat in Folge der Diskussion ein Skript veröffentlicht [26], um ähnlich wie mit dem Native KVM Tool schnell einen selbst gebauten Kernel testen zu können.

Durch eine Reihe von Änderungen am Writeback-Code [27] versucht der Kernel nun, die Menge der weggeschriebenen Daten dynamisch an sie Schreibrate des Datenträgers anzupassen, um das System gut auszulasten, aber nicht zu überlasten (u. a. 1 [28], 2 [29]). Etwas anderes arbeitende Vorläufer dieser Patches hatte LWN.net vor einem Jahr im Artikel "Dynamic writeback throttling [30]" beschrieben.

Einige Umbauarbeiten [31] am Slowpath von SLUB sollen die Performance dieser kleine Speicherhäppchen verteilenden Funktion verbessern (u. a. 1 [32], 2 [33], 3 [34]). In manchen Bereichen liefert [35] die ältere SLUB-Alternative SLAB aber weiterhin bessere Performance; um das Manko zu reduzieren oder gar zu beseitigen sind weitere Optimierungen angedacht.

Zusammen mit einem in Linux 3.1 integrierten Patch [36] kann das Programm Uname26 [37] den Kernel anweisen, einer Software Versionsnummern vorzuspielen, die mit "2.6." beginnen. Das überredet manche Programme zur Mitarbeit, denen die zweistelligen 3.x-Versionsnummern aktueller Kernel Probleme bereiten.

Durch einige Umbauarbeiten [38] lässt sich die vsyscall-Emulation nun über einen Kernel-Parameter beeinflussen [39], um Kompatibilitätsprobleme mit Analyse-Software wie DynamoRIO oder Pin [40] zu umgehen. Linux 3.1 wird erstmals die OpenRISC-Architektur [41] unterstützen (u. a. 1 [42]; weitere Änderungen bei den "kleinen Perlen" unten). Bei ihr handelt es sich um eine ursprünglich im Rahmen von Opencores.org [43] und nun vorübergehend im Umfeld des Projekts OpenRISC.net [44] entwickelte Open-Source-Prozessor-Architektur mit RISC-Befehlssatz.

Der Sparc-Code unterstützt nun auch [45] Prozessoren der Baureihe UltraSPARC-T3 (u. a. 1 [46], 2 [47]). Durch zahlreiche Umbauten am ARM-Code und neue Arbeitsweisen versuchen die für den ARM-Code im Kernel Zuständigen, verschiedene Probleme auszuräumen, die Torvalds vor einigen Monaten sehr deutlich angesprochen hatte. Entwickler, die Unterstützung für neue Plattformen oder andere größere Änderungen einbringen wollen, müssen sich dadurch erhöhten Qualitätsanforderungen stellen. Dennoch gab es allerlei Neuerungen im ARM-Bereich; etwa Unterstützung für die SOCs [48] Prima2 [49] und Zynq [50] sowie neue Omap- und S3C-Plattformen [51] von TI und Samsung [52].

Der Power-Management-Code bietet nun die derzeit primär für Embedded-Plattformen interessanten [53] Power Domains (u. a. 1 [54], 2 [55]).Das Tools-Verzeichnis mit Kernel-naher Userland-Software enthält ab Linux 3.1 [56] das Diagnose-Werkzeug Cpupower. Es beerbt die Cpufrequtils und liefert Informationen zur Nutzung von Stromspar- und Übertaktungsfunktionen moderner Prozessoren – etwa ob Intel-Prozessoren per TurboBoost auf die höchste Taktfrequenz hochschalten, wenn nur einer oder wenige Prozessorkerne Arbeit haben.

Viele kleinere, aber keineswegs unbedeutende Neuerungen finden sich in der folgenden Liste mit den englischen Commit [57]-Überschriften der jeweiligen Änderung. Die Einträge verlinken genau wie viele der Verweise im vorangegangenen Text auf das Webfrontend [58] des von Linus Torvalds gepflegten Git-Zweigs mit den "offiziellen" Kernel-Quellen, der aufgrund des Einbruchs in kernel.org derzeit Github gehostet ist. Der über diese Links angezeigten Commit-Kommentar und der darunter ausgegebene Patch [59] liefern zahlreiche weitere Informationen zur jeweiligen Änderungen.

Vor jedem Link finden sich in eckigen Klammern einige Buchstaben und Zahlen. Ein "C" kennzeichnet Patches mit Änderungen an Kconfig-Dateien, welche die Konfigurationsoptionen samt der zugehörigen Hilfetexte enthalten, die bei der Kernel-Konfiguration über "make menuconfig" oder "make xconfig" angezeigt werden. Ein "D" steht bei Patches, die die Dokumentation verändern, die im Kernel-Zweig unterhalb von Documentation/ liegt. Ein "N" weist Änderungen aus, die eine neue Datei anlegen. Die Zahl vermittelt einen groben Eindruck zur Größe des Patches: eine "1" kennzeichnet Änderungen, die inklusive Kommentar zwischen 10 und 20 KByte groß sind, eine "2" für solche, die zwischen 20 und 30 KByte Umfang haben; Änderungen ohne Zahl sind kleiner als 10 KByte, Patches mit einer "9" hingegen 90 KByte oder größer.

ACPI

Crypto & Security

MM

PM

Scheduler

Tracing

Virtualisation

Various

x86

ARM

PPC

Weitere Hintergründe und Informationen rund um Entwicklungen im Linux-Kernel und dessen Umfeld finden sich in den vorangegangenen Kernel-Logs [442] auf heise open [443]. Neue Ausgaben des Kernel-Logs [444] werden auf den Identi.ca [445]- und Twitter [446]-Konten "@kernellog" erwähnt; die englischen, bei den Kollegen von "The H [447]" erscheinenden Übersetzungen auf den Identi.ca [448]- und Twitter [449]-Konten "@kernellog2". Gelegentlich zwitschert der Autor des Kernel-Logs unabhängig davon über einige Kernel-Log-Themen bei Identi.ca [450] und Twitter [451] als "@kernellogauthor". (thl [452]). (thl [453])


URL dieses Artikels:
https://www.heise.de/-1344563

Links in diesem Artikel:
[1] http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel/1191106
[2] https://www.heise.de/hintergrund/Kernel-Log-x32-ABI-umgeht-Nachteile-des-64-Bit-Betriebs-1341264.html
[3] http://www.heise.de/glossar/entry/Kernel-Log-397909.html
[4] https://www.heise.de/hintergrund/Kernel-Log-Was-3-1-bringt-1-Netzwerk-1323216.html
[5] https://www.heise.de/hintergrund/Kernel-Log-Was-3-1-bringt-2-Storage-und-Dateisysteme-1337619.html
[6] https://www.heise.de/hintergrund/Kernel-Log-Was-3-0-bringt-3-Architektur-Infrastruktur-und-Virtualisierung-1274204.html
[7] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/c2419b4a4727f67af2fc2cd68b0d878b75e781bb
[8] http://wiki.xensource.com/xenwiki/XenPCIpassthrough
[9] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/30edc14bf39afde24ef7db2de66c91805db80828
[10] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/2ebdc4263022e0015341016b123fe7f44f9cf396
[11] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/fd5b221b348adf63d413de9adad030e4f13664b7
[12] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/080e2be7884322daffe75a831e879fbe7de383ab
[13] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/afec6e04922d0c8c7e244be2e544bac5e7e36294
[14] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/a50777c791031d7345ce95785ea6220f67339d90
[15] https://www.heise.de/news/Einbruch-bei-Kernel-org-1334583.html
[16] https://www.heise.de/news/Hauptentwicklungszweig-von-Linux-voruebergehend-bei-Github-1336637.html
[17] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/801d342432190947928e18f893f073fd87cd8bdf
[18] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/823e396558e509b7c3225cd76806f3d6643ff5f8
[19] https://www.heise.de/news/IDF-Intel-stellt-naechste-Prozessorgeneration-Ivy-Bridge-vor-1342459.html
[20] https://www.heise.de/hintergrund/Kernel-Log-Was-3-1-bringt-1-Netzwerk-1323216.html
[21] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/c9aaa8957f203bd6df83b002fb40b98390bed078
[22] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/9ddabbe72e41ca6794cb4947c70929c9410e6752
[23] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/de56a948b9182fbcf92cb8212f114de096c2d574
[24] https://www.heise.de/hintergrund/Kernel-Log-Natives-KVM-Tool-lauter-neue-Kernel-1229562.html
[25] http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.emulators.kvm.devel/76666/focus%3D1172329
[26] http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.emulators.qemu/114522
[27] http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.file-systems/56111
[28] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/e98be2d599207c6b31e9bb340d52a231b2f3662d
[29] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/c42843f2f0bbc9d716a32caf667d18fc2bf3bc4c
[30] http://lwn.net/Articles/405076/
[31] http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel.mm/66433
[32] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/881db7fb03a77af0bcd460fd1de1f4062d5c18fe
[33] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/b789ef518b2a7231b0668c813f677cee528a9d3f
[34] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/2cfb7455d223ab24b23df44be430faf92e12390f
[35] http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel.mm/66433/focus%3D66500
[36] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/be27425dcc516fd08245b047ea57f83b8f6f0903
[37] http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/ak/uname26/
[38] http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel/1177680
[39] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/3ae36655b97a03fa1decf72f04078ef945647c1a
[40] http://pintool.org/
[41] http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel.cross-arch/10455
[42] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/f8c4a270d9330a2bc179aeef0a22ea1ed288fb50
[43] http://opencores.org/
[44] http://openrisc.net/
[45] http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel/1172588
[46] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/4ba991d3eb379fbaa22049e7002341e97a673685
[47] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/15e3608d7c273947dbf2eadbcaa66e51143928fb
[48] http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel/1171822
[49] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/02c981c07bc95ac1e42ec6c817f0c28cf3fe993a
[50] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/b85a3ef4ac65169b65fd2fe9bec7912bbf475ba4
[51] http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel/1171822/focus%3D1171837
[52] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/e1a3c74f52b02715599249e1a024e16419503d52
[53] http://lwn.net/Articles/449585/
[54] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/596ba34bcd2978ee9823cc1d84df230576f8ffb9
[55] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/f721889ff65afa6243c463832c74dee3bed418d5
[56] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/7fe2f6399a84760a9af8896ac152728250f82adb
[57] http://www.heise.de/glossar/entry/Commit-397925.html
[58] http://git.kernel.org/?p=linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux-2.6.git;a=summary
[59] http://www.heise.de/glossar/entry/Patch-395546.html
[60] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/aa165971c2923d05988f920c978e438dbc7b0de6
[61] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/c3e6088e1036f8084bc7444b38437da136b7588b
[62] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/ba61ca4aab47441f1c6cec28a9a6aa0489fd1df3
[63] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/86cd47334b00b6aa9b5d0ebf389a6fe76f21c641
[64] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/67eb2e99076708cc790019a6a08ca3e0ae130a3a
[65] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/bb0c5ed6ec523199e34e81dcef8e987507553b63
[66] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/4996c02306a25def1d352ec8e8f48895bbc7dea9
[67] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/acdca31dba86c4f426460aa000d13930a00549b7
[68] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/1acebad3d8db8d5220b3010c2eb160c625434cf2
[69] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/e3b4f515c43553a9950017d8d052541ccb8081fa
[70] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/5165e5b112c4fb3a9258d5f6246cbbd44108c181
[71] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/79a73d188726b473ca3bf483244bc96096831905
[72] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/4e561d388feff18e4b798cef6a1a84a2cc7f20c2
[73] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/52527cf3f95d437b02f54437d5c3d7fda06474d1
[74] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/32997144fd9925fc4d506a16990a0c405f766526
[75] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/eadd99cc85347b4f9eb10122ac90032eb4971b02
[76] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/efe836ab2b514ae7b59528af36d452978b42d266
[77] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/bd03a3e4c9a9df0c6b007045fa7fc8889111a478
[78] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/2066a36125fcbf5220990173b9d8e8bc49ad7538
[79] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/0e4ae0e0dec634b2ae53ac57d14141b140467dbe
[80] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/82f9d486e59f588c7d100865c36510644abda356
[81] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/d1a05b6973c7cb33144fa965d73facc708ffc37d
[82] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/9d0ad8ca43ce8023bb834a409c2258bd7197fb05
[83] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/cd38b115d5ad79b0100ac6daa103c4fe2c50a913
[84] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/1d65f86db14806cf7b1218c7b4ecb8b4db5af27d
[85] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/00a66d2974485d7d95d61d5772142b2a2231ed2a
[86] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/c21427043dec93d40e3a1af970831d1f5f15ce5d
[87] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/be8f684d73d8d916847e996bf69cef14352872c6
[88] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/b56efcf0a45aa7fc32de90d5f9838541082fbc19
[89] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/d18a90dd85f8243ed20cdadb6d8a37d595df456d
[90] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/d6543e3935cec9f66b9647c24c2e44c68f8a91fd
[91] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/03e404af26dc2ea0d278d7a342de0aab394793ce
[92] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/c4089f98e943ff445665dea49c190657b34ccffe
[93] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/bb0822954aab7d23a3f902c2a103ee0242f6046e
[94] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/98d9f30c820d509145757e6ecbc36013aa02f7bc
[95] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/0918472ceeffad234df5589e45b646a94476f835
[96] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/b03e7495a862b028294f59fc87286d6d78ee7fa1
[97] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/29df8d8f8702f0f53c1375015f09f04bc8d023c1
[98] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/92e03c41a415e8e9e8009a1f5bbb9036f3bfb2f4
[99] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/f7d770790f29781116d0de1339214934b8020c1e
[100] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/15964d388528c1dbb672027c8003fe7e81630a35
[101] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/c6e2d68558b612fdfdb0d7ddcb51ad4578b81eba
[102] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/be2de99beaca6506a1f97a636750c108a41b5c00
[103] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/e8b4c1986efbb5b1e1bab9f359c340816e4d9869
[104] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/62027aea23fcd14478abdddd3b74a4e0f5fb2984
[105] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/b7b95920aa2e89e655afe9913ee0e55855ceda90
[106] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/564b905ab10d17fb42f86aa8b7b9b796276d1336
[107] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/e5291928839877f8e73c2643ee1d3fe0bcdcaf5c
[108] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/1e2ef05bb8cf851a694d38e9170c89e7ff052741
[109] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/99f381d3549432a250fe846a2a82d61a032804b0
[110] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/f3393b62f157cc87f8d78247e97b87778dc077b8
[111] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/e358bad75ff13210f5211cac9f93d76170d43f89
[112] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/632e270e01d8a1ee9e8ea56c83028727f17b1d17
[113] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/455716e9b12ba93e93181ac88bef62e4eb5ac66c
[114] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/095c0aa83e52d6c3dd7168610746703921f570af
[115] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/d902db1eb60387040fe541573083e47469db50ac
[116] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/bdd4e85dc36cdbcfc1608a5b2a17c80a9db8986a
[117] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/e8f7c70f44f75c827c04239b0ae5f0068b65b76e
[118] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/b77f0f3c1f587791aa5d9bd1b0012c9a89eb9258
[119] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/ee89cbc2d48150c7c0e9f2aaac00afde99af098c
[120] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/db0d2c6420eeb8fd669bac84d72f1ab828bbaa64
[121] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/14a8fd7ceea6915c613746203d6e9a2bf273f16c
[122] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/a8b0ca17b80e92faab46ee7179ba9e99ccb61233
[123] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/5d67be97f8903d05ce53597fb5f3bc25a45e8026
[124] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/259032bfe379281bf7cba512b7705bdb4ce41db5
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[129] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/a34668f6beb4ab01e07683276d6a24bab6c175e0
[130] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/f91298709790b9a483752ca3c967845537df2af3
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[306] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/96f7934e448fd52644b8862ea12761e1524f3bf3
[307] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/c1ba5bb5608664b37a3b1ac647e0dd67d46ddc99
[308] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/afe48049ab1d0ca83afe45f9d5116bf4507741eb
[309] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/d24771dec9c62945a5d1c6a37e7a04f5c2a2ae6f
[310] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/f9e9fc2736805fe812d9d27444f57733453386fb
[311] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/b6a14477695e54da6621c6d3c72f019b8cddb89d
[312] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/22785de54bfeae4809a469483d9021730fe2f106
[313] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/be070a40780ff61be7349b2aeeae35663e01b44b
[314] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/931de39219bd31944dda69a015ccef103cd1d193
[315] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/e1fb61e38f8ec8e586c63d67a06197aa44ba952e
[316] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/fce43f99631b03a65b9309d956bfca93a8fe052f
[317] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/5b8d628ca4036e76a2d892f2c1d01b58d232809e
[318] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/95b7445946ca68222ad84cad3703a1efe1110869
[319] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/5dc3394c192cb8845a4594a4d029231392634d8a
[320] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/97ea3da2048e9018f2513a36a95d2f14b3853d1a
[321] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/d17572741bacb851f0a689c7751ce909835ad96c
[322] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/4daca0e0170b3996a403d10b6b5838a69785faeb
[323] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/14abd038a7a209193c58ee7dde01ef4bf1523a91
[324] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/0c205cbe20654616e2f8389c0c1ff707d9dccb63
[325] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/15eb169bfec291faf25b158cfa9842b72f7803ad
[326] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/f4daf06fc23b99df5ca5b3e892428b91e148cc52
[327] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/7665d9d2df2eb26284467c2f8591004bd511c75f
[328] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/f16e05c7501d6cc5d7c947e8d8ff2f8ac6fa97f4
[329] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/80def0dc35886328284dfbde525815643882e730
[330] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/26407f818e62a88ac9cee64f250ec844fb079862
[331] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/4e234cc0ee9db31d5b16b58d7c09af17246b2466
[332] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/8a97ae2f554d762a4bc67b5d13b52ef39c8d6baa
[333] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/e83626f2fd48fa53ece85760c7e0b4ec4a996a91
[334] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/226e85f4dad0cdb2353b438b5dfedffba60f15b5
[335] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/96d78686d4c4f2922a23de2e16d145f7355e0605
[336] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/d8b22d25b738075a02201287a59561036da1a49b
[337] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/499d2969574d138b9f5c8bbb911027005f4f9ed9
[338] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/543601f526bbe02d209d2f8c30b9ce59d8e70a41
[339] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/e8de616e39ccea3b8d3cf7e68f16d216f183c4bf
[340] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/0f75a96bc0c4611dea0c7207533f822315120054
[341] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/29e8eb0fdb7521ff7808dea3603a1d7b2b4ccebf
[342] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/1cad6766ef113a8054a9cd36fdde3f1bbd50138a
[343] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/b2a9dd466cb3a7c0122c644a4c6c112b424ca011
[344] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/84ca326c7c77926ccb501eaa89f50d9230a9543b
[345] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/66eb1238deb06f3bc1185c31cf0ee68d75fb7385
[346] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/a0428f3adfe852c3e69c07d4777615bfbdebd779
[347] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/2839cc1e7e1f260afc5cf9fb6be5b6c3e9d85fea
[348] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/f00207b255f59ebedc5965c2ab0bd1cefae70f92
[349] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/e3e0109138376bb262b8ecf33bad0586fa131925
[350] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/13db7a7f41a6ab619ed622d6e7b5bc1285124e1d
[351] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/9504940ae03e0ebe6cfef9cd8914199a42128107
[352] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/3ba7222ac992d24d09ccd0b55940b54849eef752
[353] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/22cb839bc8545b3a68ae00107cae3636752bb94d
[354] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/0665ccc4c3f229abe3eabe49f3f99763515cf0af
[355] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/354a183f536a8edf6cb80ee3e3f393736e278810
[356] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/580975d7f48d7d047e22bb0f42adf7557801d8d4
[357] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/ac1667db056a323cb0cb5d75e3bdb820804d46b6
[358] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/e791e3455f1b7e92f0b66f460ade9c7a2299ac7e
[359] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/f911d026e84a137e35701a4f23732f47ce40a6b8
[360] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/350abe0379f8106319f73cbcce37bfa2f0bfa05a
[361] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/c5314877edd2ea9cccca0ca87c9a439a8d356c14
[362] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/c41fac8aa9cb9ca31a5b3d9ce1f3b0026b83c16d
[363] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/885d0fe40fb97d7f394c24ac9c88721015f852b3
[364] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/11ab32a734f5ee5d4f4f27f3488b0099447a2dbf
[365] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/abfafc2d10ee2ad217be9ef06181819ca5dd6960
[366] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/ca2cc333920690db87a03c2ee3bd6f43adb3e7fb
[367] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/5fe8b4c19dc24e3bb873daf9e96a2439a83bbd79
[368] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/6de8bae86c0459a881cead6735cd6971334cadd3
[369] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/3c07cae2cccc4e40ff66521701a3c8eeda8726e1
[370] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/525dae613638320c880afcc0d8d6dd27141fc4e4
[371] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/e6d80f950a77ca48eada6457a290dc5471e1dd73
[372] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/27cc213ea7dde929692df46a64c8d8ef74663e48
[373] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/de3050a74e2d2830189ceaa5f5fc05b776518d68
[374] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/4fbafaf371be780ed2cd73a520dfeafa1ea73e24
[375] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/476e5be710bec3d324d9a28cf1f4fd15bd358a86
[376] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/b6935f8cd915cf11c5222cab5ecc6a45adb2270c
[377] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/e817513b1b3399f7fe0b1d77046a71b845114378
[378] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/9661534d6ad75f881d8bbeb73dd7372f41cbad99
[379] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/573084995966f667d89087b0e6d6f610ed3aae87
[380] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/2602a21231645f0923595a6ae2757222f6802e3f
[381] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/3907ab26866006087c4d1e48e9d1306e281ec955
[382] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/08871c097ea5a11c95146ba8310272571d2bbfc4
[383] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/2d05c392b8403d4a1becc8babd4b44465a758b64
[384] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/3fce1c0ba2b35b68135d8d8a3438f8c8272a01d8
[385] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/e181877d8674b7e157f6efe6567d2ab78c4b4955
[386] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/e5aae727c0014107c647c4148fa21c4f11e97307
[387] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/f340fe69f5e87c9f630b077cf52142ec15964a41
[388] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/edf1b8fd93eb283fa9101c33765164133391ded9
[389] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/8dbb6bc13617379a6534700e51634a3f88c9a513
[390] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/6d251ddff82d61ebff211f95ce826f8d81283181
[391] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/67e64f4aee53152ce22b35e4f1b61ebe78d24f3b
[392] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/04243c4d32b96c06430f2d25c936fef38765a91b
[393] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/045e1690b515f8b707f9e142d12458045a01b5d1
[394] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/169296b38f06b981ee7163aaa1c03f03953cc37f
[395] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/e6bdc3744ee272e85b61cf92db62a787241980f2
[396] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/ac5f89c7d87f6f2fb7073723fc943488d9c3479d
[397] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/5d8c665889e27e1b8989ca465166e8897dc302d1
[398] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/241590c35fc08230f80dde82920dae0f2f3d6d41
[399] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/725e789f228641fdfafcd65458f0ac78b87acc5a
[400] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/bd497fc9782769d5bce58fbf468eabfce9e98ce0
[401] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/3a93261f70c7b92f84fb211b66f1d4e66c0b3dce
[402] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/17bdc6c0e979ae61879806e4dd93ec3b169d0931
[403] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/4d2bb3f5003617cb42b89faefd0009c505c3abd5
[404] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/47fe819e7555b31d24f8a11d9b2568d8f5de8b01
[405] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/61d1baaea25dbcc22e03604f4d75e151853f574e
[406] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/dbcb4a1a3f16702918caa4d4ab7062965050a780
[407] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/006669ec21d99e161015150ffedeeaeaad513c3b
[408] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/ea41b1e5440442cea5c029b192e9ebbe68e423f6
[409] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/08a543ad33fc188650801bd36eed4ffe272643e1
[410] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/f4a5437333e405e967be660430e58fc2355c62c8
[411] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/ca12adc8ca6814d1949fcc6d83c1adda6dc9e2ef
[412] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/5f307491f3a0c8551cedf5d90d660d656e0d56ec
[413] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/2d02612f61cc15b2025c90e32ed4a43eaa6753cd
[414] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/eb7caf35951b1a56aabee028c1b20727abccc34f
[415] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/24f146696184cbe4b440179064a45dfddaad4cc4
[416] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/19f9d392365113f74286b1721c7c032c12cf5abd
[417] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/9d02a4283e9ce4e9ca11ff00615bdacdb0515a1a
[418] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/f8c4a270d9330a2bc179aeef0a22ea1ed288fb50
[419] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/4f246ba30e1a9a31fcfd91d2ab8f5c75f1362bbf
[420] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/a39af6f7b806f2a52962254ea8dc635b4c240810
[421] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/e480158cc825b45eebcc2ff2ff5e5f7965c3875f
[422] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/58e0166a4772aaeb10c9b0f6d59f19099d2047df
[423] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/2a7be1160a7ccc8b53693ef793fccb4ad2e75bbc
[424] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/816ebaa8b6ea8f97515a40e25076f297d0304611
[425] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/224cd129fdbb40a01de4aaf46cd77d80e65d81e5
[426] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/61e85e367535a7b6385b404bef93928768140f96
[427] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/616257669e1aa28628e84914810d0d94a6967653
[428] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/5a2bbb8f64848b5cf9d626f3f17bac6718c91874
[429] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/e5ad95ce9b8d7efc443d39a7bbc4e55b7a4593f1
[430] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/88ef7f3f130ddd37f72bc919865eeefe1d437787
[431] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/ac689eb7f9d4e270d1365853b82eece669387e2c
[432] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/09abb90107202d3b18cf5a69076a1d05d11244e6
[433] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/b731fbbd246e3aba59701bd6112a14ba02bf1c1c
[434] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/769a8a96229e6b2f1e3a2b3b38e27981f7fb9902
[435] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/3a81b171429113ae0af2920f5d4ecfe571230627
[436] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/4fa52aa7a82f9226b3874a69816bda3af821f002
[437] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/e5992f2e6c3829cd43dbc4438ee13dcd6506f7f3
[438] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/9e280f6693083baf1b7741c2b820be8d4109509e
[439] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/092670cd90eb88c33661de21f1b4ee08d2597171
[440] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/dd71dc4c335a8957d269ce063b3e80933f3482fc
[441] https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/f1c2bb8b9964ed31de988910f8b1cfb586d30091
[442] http://www.heise.de/open/kernel-log-3007.html
[443] http://www.heise.de/open/
[444] http://www.heise.de/glossar/entry/Kernel-Log-397909.html
[445] http://identi.ca/kernellog
[446] http://twitter.com/kernellog
[447] http://www.h-online.com
[448] http://identi.ca/kernellog2
[449] http://twitter.com/kernellog2
[450] http://identi.ca/kernellogauthor
[451] http://twitter.com/kernellogauthor
[452] mailto:thl@ct.de
[453] mailto:thl@ct.de