Kernel-Log – Was 3.6 bringt (2): Netzwerk
Kleinere Puffer sollen bei der Vermeidung von Bufferbloat helfen. "TCP Fast Open" verspricht schnellere HTTP-Verbindungen. Die Netfilter-Infrastruktur kann zum Connection Tracking nun auf Userspace-Programme zurückgreifen.
Durch "TCP small queues [1]" (TSQ) nutzt Linux 3.6 pro Netzwerksocket standardmäßig nur mehr 128 KByte kleine Puffer [2]. Ähnlich wie einige [3] andere [4] jüngst vorgenommene Kernel-Änderungen soll auch diese zur Vermeidung von "Bufferbloat [5]" beitragen; der Begriff umschreibt Probleme wie hohe Netzwerklatenzen und Verbindungsabbrüche, die durch zu umfangreiches Puffern zu übertragender Daten entstehen. Die kleineren Zwischenspeicher pro Socket sollen den Durchsatz laut verschiedenen Messungen des zuständigen Entwicklers nicht beeinträchtigen [6]; Administratoren könne den Wert bei Bedarf über die Datei /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_limit_output_bytes zur Laufzeit anpassen.
Verbindungsaufbau
In den Kernel ist Client-Unterstützung für "TCP Fast Open [7]" (TFO) eingeflossen (u. a. 1 [8], 2 [9], 3 [10], 4 [11], 5 [12]); die Server-seitige Unterstützung soll bei Linux 3.7 folgen. TFO ist eine experimentelle, von der Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) noch nicht abgesegnete TCP-Erweiterung von Google, die den Overhead beim Verbindungsaufbau senken soll, indem die ersten beiden Schritte beim normalerweise genutzten "TCP three-way handshake" kombiniert werden: Bei der Anfrage zum Aufbau einer TCP-Verbindung schickt der Client auch gleich Datenanfragen mit, sofern Server und Client zuvor schon kommuniziert haben. Das soll unter anderem HTTP-Verbindungen beschleunigen. Weitere Hintergründe zur Technik erläutert der LWN.net-Artikel "TCP Fast Open: expediting web services [13]".
Treiber
Der für einige Ethernet-Chips von Broadcom zuständige Treiber bnx2x unterstützt nun [14] das in IEEE 802.3az spezifizierte Energy-Efficient Ethernet [15] (EEE); auch der Treiber stmmac, der Embedded-Ethernet-Kerne von Stmicro anspricht, beherrscht [16] nun die Technik, über die sich Hardware-Parameter konfigurieren lassen, die für die Leistungsaufnahme von Ethernet-Chips wichtig sind. Anwender können EEE-Parameter mit Hilfe der kürzlich veröffentlichten [17] Version 3.5 von Ethtool auslesen und setzen.
Der Ethernet-Treiber r8169 erhielt Unterstützung für die Realtek-Ethernet-Chips RTL8168G [18] und RTL8106E [19]. Der Team-Treiber beherrscht jetzt [20] einen Broadcast-Modus, bei dem er alle Pakete über alle passenden Ports versendet. Der WLAN-Treiber rt2800pci spricht nun auch die Ralink-Chips RF5360 [21] und RT5392 [22] an; zudem erhielt er [23] experimentelle Unterstützung für die WLAN-Chips der RT3290-Familie.
Verschiedenes
Entwicklungsstand
Am Wochenende hat Linus Torvalds die vierte Vorabversion von Linux 3.6 freigegeben [24]. Es sei ziemlich ruhig gewesen, merkte er dabei an; er vermutet, daran seien die kürzlich in San Diego abgehaltenen Konferenzen mit Schuld, die zahlreiche Kernel-Entwickler besucht haben.
Die für Firewalls genutzte Netfilter-Infrastruktur kann zum Connection Tracking [25] nun auf Hilfsprogramme zurückgreifen [26], die im Userspace laufen. Das soll die Entwicklung von Code zum Connection Tracking erleichtern – etwa wenn Nutzer spezielle Module für proprietäre Protokolle benötigen.
Über das neue Virtual Tunnel Interface [27] (VTI) kann Linux 3.6 IPSec-Datenströme tunneln.
Durch einige von Volkswagen-Mitarbeiter Oliver Hartkopp beigesteuerte Änderungen [28] unterstützt Linux jetzt CAN FD (CAN with flexible data rate) – eine von Bosch vorangetriebene Erweiterung des Feldbus CAN (Controller Area Network [29]), der vorwiegend in Autos und zur Steuerung von Industrieanlagen genutzt wird. Einige Hintergründe zur Erweiterung und der Unterstützung durch Linux erläutert ein Beitrag [30] im CAN-Newsletter. Neu ist auch die ebenfalls von Volkswagen geförderte Unterstützung [31] für Ematch-basiertes Traffic Shaping für CAN-Botschaften. Das soll zur Lösung von Problemen beitragen, die auftreten, wenn mehrere Nutzer simultan auf den CAN-Bus schreiben; Details liefert die Studie "SocketCAN and queueing disciplines [32]" und der Abschnitt "CAN frame traffic shaping" in einem Dokument [33], in dem Hartkopp die CAN-Unterstützung von Linux beschreibt.
Der Betreuer des Netzwerk-Codes, David Miller, erläutert einige weitere Änderungen in der Mail [34] mit seinen Haupt-Git-Pull-Request [35] für Linux 3.6. Dazu gehört die schon länger vorbereitete Entfernung des Routing-Caches, der anfällig für einen Denial-of-Service-Angriff gewesen sein soll.
Die kleinen Perlen
Die kleinen Perlen
Die folgenden Links führen zu einigen kleineren, aber keineswegs unbedeutenden Änderungen:
Ethernet
- [
I N1] asix: Add a new driver for the AX88172A [36] - [
] be2net: update driver version [37] - [
] be2net: update driver version [38] - [
] bnx2: Update version 2.2.2 [39] - [
1] bnx2x: 1G sfp+ module handling [40] - [
] bnx2x: Added EEE Ethtool support. [41] - [
I] bnx2x: Add new 57840 device IDs [42] - [
] bnx2x: Add support for ethtool -L [43] - [
N3] bnx2x, bnx2fc, bnx2i, cnic: Add statistics support and FCoE capabilities advertisement [44] - [
] bnx2x: Change date and version to 1.72.51-0 [45] - [
] driver: net: ethernet: cpsw: runtime PM support [46] - [
] hyperv: Add support for setting MAC from within guests [47] - [
] ixgbe: add support for 1G SX modules [48] - [
] ixgbe: add support for new 82599 device [49] - [
2] ixgbe: Add support for SR-IOV w/ DCB or RSS [50] - [
] ixgbe: Enable FCoE FSO and CRC offloads based on CAPABLE instead of ENABLED flag [51] - [
] ixgbevf: Add support for PCI error handling [52] - [
] jme: netpoll support [53] - [
I 1] mlx4_en: map entire pages to increase throughput [54] - [
C N2] net: add support for NS8390 based eth controllers on some ColdFire CPU boards [55] - [
C DN] netdev/phy: Add driver for Broadcom BCM87XX 10G Ethernet PHYs [56] - [
DN] net: ethernet: davinci_emac: add OF support [57] - [
N] net/ethernet: ks8851_mll mac address configuration support added [58] - [
1] net/mlx4_en: Add accelerated RFS support [59] - [
] net: qmi_wwan: add Sierra Wireless devices [60] - [
C] net: sh_eth: Add eth support for R8A7779 device [61] - [
D] net: stmmac: Add ip version to dts bindings [62] - [
D] net-tcp: Fast Open client - cookie-less mode [63] - [
D] net-tcp: Fast Open client - sendmsg(MSG_FASTOPEN) [64] - [
] qlge: Add offload features to vlan interfaces [65] - [
] qlge: Bumped driver version to 1.00.00.31 [66] - [
I] sky2: Added support for Optima EEE [67] - [
D] stmmac: update the driver Documentation and add EEE [68] - [
] team: add multiqueue support [69] - [
] team: add netpoll support [70] - [
I] tg3: add device id of Apple Thunderbolt Ethernet device [71] - [
] tg3: Add hwmon support for temperature [72] - [
] tg3: Update version to 3.124 [73]
WiFI
- [
C] ath5k: replace modparam_all_channels with CONFIG_ATH5K_TEST_CHANNELS [74] - [
] ath6kl: Add wow multicast firmware capability support [75] - [
N5] ath9k: add initvals for AR9550 [76] - [
I] ath9k: Add PID/VID support for AR1111 [77] - [
1] ath9k: Add WoW related mac80211 callbacks [78] - [
] ath9k: advertise supported WoW flags to upper layer [79] - [
] ath9k: enable support for AR9550 [80] - [
N1] ath9k_hw: Add hardware code for WoW [81] - [
] ath9k_hw: advertise WoW support for capable chipsets [82] - [
] ath9k_hw: enable ANI on AR934x [83] - [
] ath9k: Support ethtool getstats api. [84] - [
D 1] batman-adv: Add get_ethtool_stats() support [85] - [
I] bcma: add PCI ID for BCM43224 [86] - [
C N] bcma: add place for flash memory support [87] - [
] bcma: add PMU clock support for BCM4706 [88] - [
C N] bcma: add trivial GBIT MAC COMMON driver [89] - [
] bcma: support alternative (BCM4706) ChipCommon core id [90] - [
] brcmfmac: add BCM4334 support [91] - [
] cfg80211: add 802.11ad (60gHz band) support [92] - [
1] cfg80211: add cellular base station regulatory hint support [93] - [
C] cfg80211: add CONFIG_CFG80211_CERTIFICATION_ONUS [94] - [
C D] cfg80211: deprecate CFG80211_WEXT [95] - [
C 5] i2400m: remove SDIO device support [96] - [
C 1] iwlwifi: implement dynamic opmode loading [97] - [
C 6] iwmc3200top: remove driver for unavailable hardware [98] - [
C 9] iwmc3200wifi: remove driver for unavailable hardware [99] - [
C] mac80211: remove TKIP debug [100] - [
C] mac80211: trace debug messages [101] - [
4] mac80211: unify SW/offload remain-on-channel [102] - [
N1] mac802154: add wpan device-class support [103] - [
] mwifiex: advertise WPS probe response offload support to cfg80211 [104] - [
] {nl,cfg}80211: support high bitrates [105] - [
I] rt2x00: Add support for BUFFALO WLI-UC-GNM2 to rt2800usb. [106] - [
] wireless: add VHT (802.11ac) definitions [107] - [
C D] wireless: remove wext sysfs [108] - [
I] wireless: rtl818x: rtl8180 add devices ids [109] - [
] wireless: update wireless URLs [110] - [
] wl18xx: add a module parameter to control 11a support [111] - [
] wl18xx: add board type module argument [112] - [
] wl18xx: add module parameter to disable TCP checksum [113] - [
] wl18xx: add module parameter to force SISO 20MHz [114] - [
] wl18xx: add module param for overriding HT caps [115] - [
C N] wl18xx: add new module [116] - [
] wl18xx: add number of antennas and dc2dc type as module params [117] - [
1] wl18xx: add runtime configuration parameters [118] - [
] wl18xx: changed default board_type to HDK [119] - [
] wl18xx: change default tcp_checksum to false [120] - [
] wl18xx: export low/high band component values as module params [121] - [
] wlcore: add module parameter to dump SDIO reads and writes [122]
Various
- [
] Added kernel support in EEE Ethtool commands [123] - [
] af_netlink: force credentials passing [CVE-2012-3520] [124] - [
] af_unix: speedup /proc/net/unix [125] - [
N] Bluetooth: A2MP: AMP Manager basic functions [126] - [
N] Bluetooth: A2MP: Create A2MP channel [127] - [
] Bluetooth: Add a new L2CAP ERTM transmit state machine. [128] - [
] Bluetooth: Add basic packet parsing to Three-wire UART driver [129] - [
] Bluetooth: Add basic state tracking to Three-wire UART driver [130] - [
] Bluetooth: Add delayed init sequence support for UART controllers [131] - [
] Bluetooth: Add initialization tracking to HCI Three-wire driver [132] - [
] Bluetooth: Add initial packet sending support to Three-wire UART [133] - [
] Bluetooth: Add initial reliable packet support for Three-wire UART [134] - [
] Bluetooth: Add initial sleep support to Three-wire UART [135] - [
] Bluetooth: Add streaming mode receive and incoming packet classifier [136] - [
I] Bluetooth: add support for atheros 0489:e057 [137] - [
] Bluetooth: Add support for Three-wire Link Control packets [138] - [
1] Bluetooth: Add the ERTM receive state machine [139] - [
] Bluetooth: Add Three-wire header value convenience macros [140] - [
] Bluetooth: btmrvl: add SD8787 Bluetooth AMP device ID [141] - [
I] Bluetooth: btusb: Add vendor specific ID (0a5c:21f4) BCM20702A0 [142] - [
] Bluetooth: Enable ERTM by default [143] - [
] Bluetooth: Fix/implement Three-wire reliable packet sending [144] - [
C N] Bluetooth: Initial skeleton for Three-wire UART (H5) support [145] - [
D] bridge: update documentation references [146] - [
C] can: c_can: Add support for Bosch D_CAN controller [147] - [
] candev: add/update helpers for CAN FD [148] - [
] canfd: add new data structures and constants [149] - [
] canfd: add support for CAN FD in CAN_RAW sockets [150] - [
] canfd: add support for CAN FD in PF_CAN core [151] - [
] can: flexcan: add PM support [152] - [
D] can: update documentation wording error frames -> error messages [153] - [
CI N] c_can_pci: generic module for C_CAN/D_CAN on PCI [154] - [
D] connector: Move cn_test.c away from NLMSG_PUT(). [155] - [
D] Documentation/networking/caif: Update documentation [156] - [
C N2] drivers/ieee802154: add support for the at86rf230/231 transceivers [157] - [
] inetpeer: add namespace support for inetpeer [158] - [
D] ipv4: Add interface option to enable routing of 127.0.0.0/8 [159] - [
D] ipv4: Clarify in docs that accept_local requires rp_filter. [160] - [
] ipv4: Early TCP socket demux. [161] - [
] net: added support for 40GbE link. [162] - [
D] netdev/phy/of: Handle IEEE802.3 clause 45 Ethernet PHYs in of_mdiobus_register() [163] - [
] netem: refine early skb orphaning [164] - [
D] net: fec: add phy-reset-duration for device tree probe [165] - [
D] net: fec: phy-reset-gpios is optional [166] - [
] net: feed /dev/random with the MAC address when registering a device [167] - [
1] netfilter: nf_conntrack: add namespace support for cttimeout [168] - [
1] netfilter: nf_conntrack: prepare namespace support for l3 protocol trackers [169] - [
2] netfilter: nf_conntrack: prepare namespace support for l4 protocol trackers [170] - [
] netfilter: nf_ct_dccp: use new namespace support [171] - [
] netfilter: nf_ct_generic: add namespace support [172] - [
] netfilter: nf_ct_gre: use new namespace support [173] - [
] netfilter: nf_ct_icmp: add namespace support [174] - [
] netfilter: nf_ct_icmp: add namespace support [175] - [
] netfilter: nf_ct_ipv4: add namespace support [176] - [
] netfilter: nf_ct_ipv6: add namespace support [177] - [
1] netfilter: nf_ct_sctp: add namespace support [178] - [
1] netfilter: nf_ct_tcp: add namespace support [179] - [
] netfilter: nf_ct_udp: add namespace support [180] - [
] netfilter: nf_ct_udplite: add namespace support [181] - [
D] netfilter: remove include/linux/netfilter_ipv4/ipt_addrtype.h [182] - [
D] netfilter: xt_connlimit: remove revision 0 [183] - [
D] netfilter: xt_recent: add address masking option [184] - [
D] net: flexcan: clock-frequency is optional for device tree probe [185] - [
] net: qmi_wwan: add several new Gobi devices [186] - [
I] net: qmi_wwan: add ZTE MF821D [187] - [
] net: qmi_wwan: new device: Foxconn/Novatel E396 [188] - [
I] net: qmi_wwan: new devices: UML290 and K5006-Z [189] - [
C N] net: sched: add ipset ematch [190] - [
I] NFC: Add initial Sony RC-S360 support to pn533 [191] - [
] NFC: Add ISO 14443 type B protocol [192] - [
] NFC: Add target mode activation netlink event [193] - [
D] NFC: Error management documentation [194] - [
1] NFC: Implement pn533 polling loop [195] - [
] NFC: Implement the pn533 target mode Tx op [196] - [
] NFC: Introduce target mode tx ops [197] - [
D 1] sctp: Implement quick failover draft from tsvwg [198] - [
] tcp: add LAST_ACK as a valid state for TSQ [199] - [
] tcp: implement RFC 5961 4.2 [200] - [
] tcp: improve latencies of timer triggered events [201] - [
2] tcp: Maintain dynamic metrics in local cache. [202] - [
] team: implement multipart netlink messages for options transfers [203] - [
1] team: lb: introduce infrastructure for userspace driven tx loadbalancing [204] - [
C 1] tipc: remove print_buf and deprecated log buffer code [205] - [
C 1] tipc: remove TIPC packet debugging functions and macros [206] - [
] vcan: add CAN FD support [207]
Ein "C" im Bereich "[ ]" kennzeichnet Commits mit Änderungen an Kconfig-Dateien, welche die Konfigurationsoptionen samt der zugehörigen Hilfetexte enthalten. Mit "I" ausgezeichneten Patches rüsten neue PCI- oder USB-IDs nach; jene mit "D" verändern die dem Kernel beiliegende Dokumentation; Commits mit "N" legen neue Dateien an. Die Zahl vermittelt einen groben Eindruck zur Größe des Patches: Eine "1" kennzeichnet Patches, die inklusive Kommentar zwischen 10 und 20 KByte groß sind; Patches mit einer "9" sind 90 KByte oder größer.
Die "Was Linux 3.6 bringt"-Serie
Das Kernel-Log [208] kann bereits jetzt einen Überblick über die wichtigsten Neuerungen der Ende September erwarteten Linux-Version 3.6 geben, da alle größeren Neuerungen bereits in den ersten zwei Entwicklungswochen integriert wurden; Linux 3.6 befindet sich seit dem in der Stabilisierungsphase [209], in der die Kernel-Hacker [210] normalerweise keine größeren Änderungen mehr vornehmen.
Über einige der Neuerungen von Linux 3.6 hat das Kernel-Log bereits im Rahmen der Artikelserie "Was 3.6 bringt" berichtet:
In den kommenden Wochen werden noch Artikel erscheinen, die sich mit Infrastruktur, Architektur-Unterstützung und Treibern beschäftigen.
Weitere Hintergründe und Informationen rund um Entwicklungen im Linux-Kernel und dessen Umfeld finden sich in den vorangegangenen Kernel-Logs [212] auf heise open [213]. Neue Ausgaben des Kernel-Logs [214] werden auf den Identi.ca [215]- und Twitter [216]-Konten "@kernellog" erwähnt; die englischen, bei den Kollegen von "The H [217]" erscheinenden Übersetzungen auf den Identi.ca [218]- und Twitter [219]-Konten "@kernellog2". Gelegentlich zwitschert der Autor des Kernel-Logs unabhängig davon über einige Kernel-Log-Themen bei Identi.ca [220] und Twitter [221] als "@kernellogauthor". (thl [222]) (thl [223])
URL dieses Artikels:
https://www.heise.de/-1697525
Links in diesem Artikel:
[1] http://git.kernel.org/linus/46d3ceabd8d98ed0ad10f20c595ca784e34786c5
[2] http://lwn.net/Articles/507065/
[3] https://www.heise.de/hintergrund/Kernel-Log-Was-3-5-bringt-1-Netzwerk-1624233.html
[4] https://www.heise.de/hintergrund/Kernel-Log-Was-3-3-bringt-1-Netzwerk-1421300.html
[5] http://www.bufferbloat.net/
[6] http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.network.routing.codel/90
[7] http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-tcpm-fastopen-01
[8] http://git.kernel.org/linus/2100c8d2d9db23c0a09901a782bb4e3b21bee298
[9] http://git.kernel.org/linus/783237e8daf13481ee234997cbbbb823872ac388
[10] http://git.kernel.org/linus/aab4874355679c70f93993cf3b3fd74643b9ac33
[11] http://git.kernel.org/linus/8e4178c1c7b52f7c99f5fd22ef7af6b2bff409e3
[12] http://git.kernel.org/linus/1fe4c481ba637660793217769695c146a037bd54
[13] http://lwn.net/Articles/508865/
[14] http://git.kernel.org/linus/c8c60d88c59cbb48737732ba948663a3efe882aa
[15] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy-Efficient_Ethernet
[16] http://git.kernel.org/linus/d765955d2ae0b88781a0db3a5bacfe4241925e09
[17] http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.network/239075
[18] http://git.kernel.org/linus/c558386b836ee97762e12495101c6e373f20e69d
[19] http://git.kernel.org/linus/5598bfe5191d09cdd622aeac39badc42508b227f
[20] http://git.kernel.org/linus/5fc889911a99043a97da1daa0d010ad72cbc3042
[21] http://git.kernel.org/linus/ccf91bd678d74e1e98a153539cd07a62991d6610
[22] http://git.kernel.org/linus/cff3d1f0931d0e6189f5ee718112b235bad1bf99
[23] http://git.kernel.org/linus/a89534edaaa7008992b878680490e9b02a665563
[24] http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel/1351737
[25] http://git.kernel.org/linus/12f7a505331e6b2754684b509f2ac8f0011ce644
[26] http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.network/232382
[27] http://git.kernel.org/linus/1181412c1a671ed4e8fb1736f17e6ec617c68059
[28] http://git.kernel.org/linus/ea53fe0c667ad3cae61d4d71d2be41908ac5c0a4
[29] http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controller_Area_Network
[30] http://can-newsletter.org/engineering/standardization/nr_stand_can-fd_linux3.6_120703/
[31] http://git.kernel.org/linus/f057bbb6f9ed0fb61ea11105c9ef0ed5ac1a354d
[32] http://rtime.felk.cvut.cz/can/socketcan-qdisc-final.pdf
[33] http://www.can-cia.org/fileadmin/cia/files/icc/13/hartkopp.pdf
[34] http://article.gmane.org/gmane.linux.network/238256
[35] http://www.heise.de/glossar/entry/Git-Pull-Request-397971.html
[36] http://git.kernel.org/linus/16626b0cc3d5afe250850f96759b241f8a403b52
[37] http://git.kernel.org/linus/20d5ec435c5fba8142eb7df692a5f54fbb26e892
[38] http://git.kernel.org/linus/d2ee62e9b587b303e2ac430cfa7711be4da698f7
[39] http://git.kernel.org/linus/260762c7d8030055a157b6f4ea7d1805a09e59e8
[40] http://git.kernel.org/linus/dbef807ee890b45f9c9125b665c0dddc993c3d15
[41] http://git.kernel.org/linus/e9939c80e9cb51f0da7d6e70838fd6c90248439f
[42] http://git.kernel.org/linus/c3def943c7117d42caaed3478731ea7c3c87190e
[43] http://git.kernel.org/linus/0e8d2ec5c6ccf74dbe40216bb62d82c2f73fe836
[44] http://git.kernel.org/linus/2e499d3cc13365a87815266dda59904dcb8c8d6c
[45] http://git.kernel.org/linus/364f5b3a151942ad24521155355cc7d1d252fd55
[46] http://git.kernel.org/linus/f150bd7f8cf742c4cdd0c929aa494ef72f7f5b13
[47] http://git.kernel.org/linus/1ce09e899d2864b4c8ed8f777c396bcb953aa3c9
[48] http://git.kernel.org/linus/a49fda3eaa4fe70fdd14681060a7c6c6246dc927
[49] http://git.kernel.org/linus/b6dfd939fdc249fcf8cd7b8006f76239b33eb581
[50] http://git.kernel.org/linus/73079ea0414098ae83f341028434e04d63144ce2
[51] http://git.kernel.org/linus/a58915c7ecba89bef0914664ecf87c2156c68630
[52] http://git.kernel.org/linus/9f19f31dd4903d9c6a7ce33740eadd2b6bdd8ce2
[53] http://git.kernel.org/linus/ed36d7b2578e4235d7c281304c14e4085f286236
[54] http://git.kernel.org/linus/4cce66cdd14aa5006a011505865d932adb49f600
[55] http://git.kernel.org/linus/064bff1c9f70ba495f83668a3ee2f10ea3f1c99c
[56] http://git.kernel.org/linus/e9976d7c96423ac1991396aa82335206ded55bcf
[57] http://git.kernel.org/linus/42f59967a091d012b358a532766fe4d53c6d3ba3
[58] http://git.kernel.org/linus/29a6b6c060445eb46528785d51a2d8b0e6d898c4
[59] http://git.kernel.org/linus/1eb8c695bda92ccaec30e9a3351e37a1896da54f
[60] http://git.kernel.org/linus/9b469a60d68b13c288d5c3fc23de29d9d482dbe6
[61] http://git.kernel.org/linus/d0418bb7123f44b23d69ac349eec7daf9103472f
[62] http://git.kernel.org/linus/84c9f8c41df9f62a34eb680009b59cc817a76d6e
[63] http://git.kernel.org/linus/67da22d23fa6f3324e03bcd0580b914b2e4afbf3
[64] http://git.kernel.org/linus/cf60af03ca4e71134206809ea892e49b92a88896
[65] http://git.kernel.org/linus/1a0150a93c496986297fc08304ac564213c08942
[66] http://git.kernel.org/linus/c278fa53c123282f753b2264fc62c0e9502a32fa
[67] http://git.kernel.org/linus/0e767324f26fd5e103381d05a65a76ecf50a699a
[68] http://git.kernel.org/linus/0ec2ccd0804ebb57a860c59d056a3f420c4f8028
[69] http://git.kernel.org/linus/6c85f2bdda2086d804e198a3f31b685bc2f86b04
[70] http://git.kernel.org/linus/bd2d0837abc0206ecdd3f6b9fc8c25b55b63c96b
[71] http://git.kernel.org/linus/02eca3f5f5e458c3a5d7b772bc8042ee2a4ebedf
[72] http://git.kernel.org/linus/aed93e0bf493535c25c27270001226bb1dd379b2
[73] http://git.kernel.org/linus/cac83e53917ebc058066eb98023c11fdaa2262dc
[74] http://git.kernel.org/linus/2f8684ce7a47c91da7e0ccba2686277c103d02b6
[75] http://git.kernel.org/linus/6821d4f08dcdc7d8c21a3280f57f53a080f19840
[76] http://git.kernel.org/linus/a0fbb9bd255a03e3e7ad713ec2bd5631cb408eb3
[77] http://git.kernel.org/linus/d4e5979c0da95791aa717c18e162540c7a596360
[78] http://git.kernel.org/linus/b11e640aef3e23ef3834ce95b27640d28680c79b
[79] http://git.kernel.org/linus/9f11e16edc6ee50e69fd32f0fdb75e520e55debb
[80] http://git.kernel.org/linus/2b943a3315f4c01e84b7913e9e97b148da9da9d3
[81] http://git.kernel.org/linus/64875c63c9adf7b307ca4b9c1fdef735d7a1c0e8
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[90] http://git.kernel.org/linus/6d5cfc9f7df4956f7958df1b2e425145793d9f4d
[91] http://git.kernel.org/linus/85a4a1c3bc42e7ab7027f94984be04e41a7cc496
[92] http://git.kernel.org/linus/3a0c52a6d82cc41da965284412608c74aece34e4
[93] http://git.kernel.org/linus/57b5ce072e7361218a8e2ea1d62960cbb71d9cff
[94] http://git.kernel.org/linus/b594bab9021f5225a24bcb69d7f7b7272419adb2
[95] http://git.kernel.org/linus/10bab00afed042c1a38ed5ffb135e2aea5ce1277
[96] http://git.kernel.org/linus/5da7b2e05ec17d8a90ea1f463d3b7d46975ceef2
[97] http://git.kernel.org/linus/cc5f7e39761382d3a44be70bb665c2c78ae15dac
[98] http://git.kernel.org/linus/ce8126c334f4960fc091d57ad293b250be7f3a4f
[99] http://git.kernel.org/linus/bdb903e499aa9dcc727a74942131ef948ebf2e1b
[100] http://git.kernel.org/linus/17efdc4ab8cc2ac959ca1a16c9ab04d8830c4bff
[101] http://git.kernel.org/linus/3fae0273168026ed7b6065674f1410f531d58164
[102] http://git.kernel.org/linus/2eb278e083549f4eb29838037004054b3b55df62
[103] http://git.kernel.org/linus/32bad7e30f113a8a5cebe4704bf6519ab4383e1b
[104] http://git.kernel.org/linus/2dd2bd6b36bc10b896fe565e31328d5e8327f431
[105] http://git.kernel.org/linus/8eb41c8dfb9e2396d2452ada9023a83d610b9051
[106] http://git.kernel.org/linus/a769f9577232afe2c754606a83aad85127e7052a
[107] http://git.kernel.org/linus/ce0e169529a2db1cd910d2d45a5713fcdc29f6e1
[108] http://git.kernel.org/linus/35b2a113cb0298d4f9a1263338b456094a414057
[109] http://git.kernel.org/linus/29a6b508569cc1d04884d3140ccb5973dd7d91fa
[110] http://git.kernel.org/linus/491b26b40222cc769c163e77177697dd7a63c316
[111] http://git.kernel.org/linus/1ddbc7d4c744eb24aa0d51ab1f4ad6b5c0fd0c02
[112] http://git.kernel.org/linus/a9c130d522ddef8673728fa9738f4f3f8e61f9b9
[113] http://git.kernel.org/linus/102165c6d2b8d73a25a1567fcac496addc15aba7
[114] http://git.kernel.org/linus/8334271882b46e4bc15337ed27428be121156165
[115] http://git.kernel.org/linus/3a8ddb61764a4ee0f6d2eb1fc650f41c4057ecc2
[116] http://git.kernel.org/linus/9a1a69901dae144ae160af5ac38848866d7c83b1
[117] http://git.kernel.org/linus/e9258815a8e21e34395d5b6a4da27f1bfcbdca11
[118] http://git.kernel.org/linus/23ee9bf8c3cb57768bba31a8cc62b87d39ca4e56
[119] http://git.kernel.org/linus/4b9d2365d51e9726cd288dbeebf20a80d3ac8a38
[120] http://git.kernel.org/linus/3d62eb5a7eb8d0be68442e119583508926731887
[121] http://git.kernel.org/linus/858403ab4434a3acd59eb892a49e1dbea30a2fcf
[122] http://git.kernel.org/linus/df472894ab21814edf54a3cd81c8ae7066365e0e
[123] http://git.kernel.org/linus/80f12eccce775dc6bb93dba9b52529740f929237
[124] http://git.kernel.org/linus/e0e3cea46d31d23dc40df0a49a7a2c04fe8edfea
[125] http://git.kernel.org/linus/7123aaa3a1416529ce461e98108e6b343b294643
[126] http://git.kernel.org/linus/9740e49d17e55f3832661fd99a8e0a17e921a82e
[127] http://git.kernel.org/linus/466f8004f364e9cb46d9124109972489eccfb404
[128] http://git.kernel.org/linus/608bcc6d70850be9e3aa7c3831045304a2a65fbb
[129] http://git.kernel.org/linus/bc1f35b9113275433021592954f54576ba587899
[130] http://git.kernel.org/linus/7d664fbafaf992e501159c013b4264a03ee1efac
[131] http://git.kernel.org/linus/9f2aee848fe60325b1984653833d2d1825ec730d
[132] http://git.kernel.org/linus/f674a057c1f6b0fedf7d989c6dac0b482fef1b55
[133] http://git.kernel.org/linus/c0a1b73c3f7d0cf3a93b58507b411911659d1b6a
[134] http://git.kernel.org/linus/3f27e95b83d08a58aadef42f332b1d1d50101cb6
[135] http://git.kernel.org/linus/10122d07ced378ec9187f4b3110e110282beb192
[136] http://git.kernel.org/linus/4b51dae96731c9d82f5634e75ac7ffd3b9c1b060
[137] http://git.kernel.org/linus/2096ae6ca647302d50a68aa36cb66a00e7dfac70
[138] http://git.kernel.org/linus/40f10224df6f00b59ab342e3d9d9ac8b50c8eada
[139] http://git.kernel.org/linus/d2a7ac5d5d3a0b166ac128883bd088064c029fe5
[140] http://git.kernel.org/linus/01977c0bbbc834e57436be0bab31c3df11d61710
[141] http://git.kernel.org/linus/37ed561e823f5f91ca87522d61a57974be583c0d
[142] http://git.kernel.org/linus/61c964ba1748e984cb232b431582815899bf10fe
[143] http://git.kernel.org/linus/d1de6d46dc7b503d77ec59c849acacadfece1da1
[144] http://git.kernel.org/linus/43eb12d7896063d06011baab7097944a70c7e45a
[145] http://git.kernel.org/linus/7dec65c8a7fdab87d23bcf3c7e7eff662d180853
[146] http://git.kernel.org/linus/8427b2acfdd5e6c554fb7ad1fbccf53a24a08454
[147] http://git.kernel.org/linus/69927fccd96b15bd228bb82d356a7a2a0cfaeefb
[148] http://git.kernel.org/linus/1e0625facab2e871472472b7df87d8fbe6caf75a
[149] http://git.kernel.org/linus/7c9416365c60f150ef8961a2855fafbc7394ad6b
[150] http://git.kernel.org/linus/e2d265d3b587f5f6f8febc0222aace93302ff0be
[151] http://git.kernel.org/linus/8b01939f358d680cea971151375268cfdb6b9635
[152] http://git.kernel.org/linus/8b5e218d8caa7592d26e68157bd71f50426bb7ae
[153] http://git.kernel.org/linus/d6e640f9766e2fb9aa3853b4ff19e4d7d5d7e373
[154] http://git.kernel.org/linus/5b92da0443c2585e31b64e86c2e1b8e22845d4bb
[155] http://git.kernel.org/linus/8786395c6956ae16cd04cc8c55e0f5fcd45fa939
[156] http://git.kernel.org/linus/5051c94bb3998ff24bf07ae3b72dca30f85962f8
[157] http://git.kernel.org/linus/7b8e19b67c1b171a04f6bd2f973d0b38cb496bf6
[158] http://git.kernel.org/linus/c8a627ed06d6d49bf65015a2185c519335c4c83f
[159] http://git.kernel.org/linus/d0daebc3d622f95db181601cb0c4a0781f74f758
[160] http://git.kernel.org/linus/c801e3cc1925e02fa7213889306d4d77e6ad1550
[161] http://git.kernel.org/linus/41063e9dd11956f2d285e12e4342e1d232ba0ea2
[162] http://git.kernel.org/linus/e440cf2ca0a1b075c64016240d46c3aa9d877bbf
[163] http://git.kernel.org/linus/6bd47ac2e434611e52027155438d7b4ad3c76bdb
[164] http://git.kernel.org/linus/5a308f40bfe27fcfd1db3970afe18b635f23c182
[165] http://git.kernel.org/linus/a3caad0a160c03b7238a2518fa89abda78adef1e
[166] http://git.kernel.org/linus/c9040af264de8a425b0efabfcc18a6ce47d0f21f
[167] http://git.kernel.org/linus/7bf2357524408b97fec58344caf7397f8140c3fd
[168] http://git.kernel.org/linus/8264deb81853462da5cbcfb19b54c4fd9f3d88ba
[169] http://git.kernel.org/linus/524a53e5ad5f34f64ed34281e8b0eca19437db5b
[170] http://git.kernel.org/linus/2c352f444ccfa966a1aa4fd8e9ee29381c467448
[171] http://git.kernel.org/linus/84c394511fd77df7afcfa0e051137f61b08e9636
[172] http://git.kernel.org/linus/15f585bd76b6bd2974b23c9e69ff038a0826a0be
[173] http://git.kernel.org/linus/4f71d80fc00a8c8859329ff282167fd4549b2b9f
[174] http://git.kernel.org/linus/4b626b9c5d35b4f99b073dc5d6457abddcbcf429
[175] http://git.kernel.org/linus/7080ba0955438ecd2885c1b73fbd9760b1594a41
[176] http://git.kernel.org/linus/3ea04dd3a78916db9186a602b6ce974d36a33fbb
[177] http://git.kernel.org/linus/a7c439d3968e67c426f75fe7d455f214e52f1ab0
[178] http://git.kernel.org/linus/49d485a30f3058b2633f86f85efae04c824ceffe
[179] http://git.kernel.org/linus/d2ba1fde42af44fbce361202e9af13daff9e4381
[180] http://git.kernel.org/linus/0ce490ad4387a67ee8ca5253476272d508fc0b6f
[181] http://git.kernel.org/linus/a8021feddafe3d1b5cfe10fe1acfe77433638ea4
[182] http://git.kernel.org/linus/7a74c1a18d1f03462f9f766ee8213535ce131b0f
[183] http://git.kernel.org/linus/68c07cb6d8aa05daf38ab47d5bb674d81a2066fb
[184] http://git.kernel.org/linus/efdedd5426a94b00d23483a1bcb4af3a91c894db
[185] http://git.kernel.org/linus/8b7b736fbfa1307fd294ca1fca69316f1b07a806
[186] http://git.kernel.org/linus/5002200599429e83fc13e0d9a2d4788b79515b0c
[187] http://git.kernel.org/linus/db8dacf953a70274172236957a4b97d4fdb376f0
[188] http://git.kernel.org/linus/fa026e223df2514b271b20f839ab05d7f21181b9
[189] http://git.kernel.org/linus/10cbc1d97a7c7f9ae862fffe27b771ef0da9c461
[190] http://git.kernel.org/linus/6d4fa852a023080101f1665ea189dd1844c87fef
[191] http://git.kernel.org/linus/5c7b0531299dad4255ff5c5106d060150cda75a4
[192] http://git.kernel.org/linus/01d719a2287ec34f631800d10f1fad3c134c3e89
[193] http://git.kernel.org/linus/fc40a8c1a06ab7db45da790693dd9802612a055c
[194] http://git.kernel.org/linus/36516268fd372294f5f4f26e0538ee70a1b5b9e7
[195] http://git.kernel.org/linus/6fbbdc16be3881aabaa4096c3466b9bbd361bd1f
[196] http://git.kernel.org/linus/dadb06f270ad7cd9572b82995f6261f8ca4620ac
[197] http://git.kernel.org/linus/be9ae4ce4ee66e211815122ab4f41913efed4fec
[198] http://git.kernel.org/linus/5aa93bcf66f4af094d6f11096e81d5501a0b4ba5
[199] http://git.kernel.org/linus/d01cb20711e3c2df41677ee270d6bdeff24e9902
[200] http://git.kernel.org/linus/0c24604b68fc7810d429d6c3657b6f148270e528
[201] http://git.kernel.org/linus/6f458dfb409272082c9bfa412f77ff2fc21c626f
[202] http://git.kernel.org/linus/51c5d0c4b169bf762f09e0d5b283a7f0b2a45739
[203] http://git.kernel.org/linus/9b00cf2d1024d683cb2e206109e356dcac968568
[204] http://git.kernel.org/linus/ab8250d70063f77929fc404c02390a1f64d66416
[205] http://git.kernel.org/linus/869dd4662f90514cb92b44a389e85c737b464e25
[206] http://git.kernel.org/linus/568fc588fce85602e4e2c7573f6f912311306b72
[207] http://git.kernel.org/linus/41052ef6dfe90e7639103a010f49d13dadc55a28
[208] http://www.heise.de/glossar/entry/Kernel-Log-397909.html
[209] https://www.heise.de/glossar/entry/Entwicklungszyklus-des-Linux-Kernels-397915.html
[210] http://www.heise.de/glossar/entry/Kernel-Hacker-397919.html
[211] https://www.heise.de/hintergrund/Kernel-Log-Was-3-6-bringt-1-Dateisysteme-und-Storage-1671225.html
[212] http://www.heise.de/open/kernel-log-3007.html
[213] http://www.heise.de/open/
[214] http://www.heise.de/glossar/entry/Kernel-Log-397909.html
[215] http://identi.ca/kernellog
[216] http://twitter.com/kernellog
[217] http://www.h-online.com
[218] http://identi.ca/kernellog2
[219] http://twitter.com/kernellog2
[220] http://identi.ca/kernellogauthor
[221] http://twitter.com/kernellogauthor
[222] mailto:thl@ct.de
[223] mailto:thl@ct.de
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